Aerogel, often referred to as "frozen smoke" or "solid cloud," is an ultralight, low-density synthetic porous material. Through a specialized drying process, the liquid component of a gel is replaced with gas while preserving its solid microstructure—resulting in a material composed of up to 99.8% air. Renowned for its exceptional thermal performance and minimal weight, aerogel is widely used across multiple sectors.

In construction, it provides ultra-thin insulation for walls, roofs, and windows, enhancing energy efficiency without sacrificing space. Industrial applications include insulating pipelines, tanks, and equipment to improve safety and reduce energy consumption. Aerogel also plays a critical role in aerospace, automotive, and cryogenic systems, delivering reliable protection under extreme temperatures. Additionally, it is used in energy storage systems to prevent thermal runaway in electric vehicle (EV) batteries, as well as in specialized clothing and electronics for advanced thermal management.